This paper presents the results of research into the possibility of reclamation of soils that is covered with pyrite tailings in the river valleys Timok and Bor river. Fertile agricultural land in an area of 3000 ha is covered with pyrite tailings dam due to damage on the landfill pyrite tailings in a copper mine "Bor" (Eastern Serbia). In these areas we examined the basic physical (particle size distribution, texture class) and chemical properties of pyrite tailings (reaction of the soil solution, humus, carbonates), and microbial activity. The results indicate that the establishing of plantation on pyrite tailings colud control and prevent the migration of pyrite tailings. Further research will be focused on the study of the dynamics of development of the emerging ecosystem.